Cardiovascular control in exercise, the contribution of central command and muscle afferents

Cardiovascular control in exercise, the contribution of central command and muscle afferents Cardiovascular Control in Exercise, the contribution of Central Command and Muscle Afferents The human body has the ability to easily adapt when exercise begins with many of these adaptations occurring in the cardiovascular system. It is well documented that at the onset of exercise heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity progressively increase to higher levels (Lind et al, 1964). These cardiovascular adaptations are controlled by either central (Central Command) or peripheral (exercise pressor reflex) mechanisms (McCloskey results from a study by Williamson et al (2002) have shown this through hypnosis. Originally an individual’s perceived exertion during exercise was thought to be independent of any force being produced, allowing the magnitude of CC to be seen (Gandevia et al, 1993). Williamson et al (2002) obtained results related to this idea; they found that the level of CC activated was related to an individual’s sense of effo rt independently of any force being produced. Increases in HR were found during hypnosis despite no exercise being performed and increases were therefore independent of feedback from afferents within the active limb.

Discuss Hurricanes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discuss Hurricanes - Research Paper Example The paper will also give a recommendation of the possible mitigation measures that can be taken into account in order to address these concerns. Hurricanes are responsible for a myriad of environmental effects in the area that they occur. They can cause cataclysmic impairment to coastlines and numerous hundred miles inland (Hemming & McCallum, 2006). This means that any property or any life that is within that area can be potentially destroyed. A hurricane can yield winds that surpass 155 miles per hour. These are very strong winds that can equally destroy both life and property in the region that the hurricane occurs. They hurricane can also generate storm improvements along the coast and lead to wide-ranging destruction from hefty rainfall (Hanfling, Lawrence & Powell, 2012). This frequently hints to inundations as well as soaring debris which are accountable for more disparaging consequences. The unwarranted flood or rainfall can prompt mudslides or even landslides. Research shows that mudslides and landslides equally contribute to the destruction of property and the loss of lives (Heitmuller & Perez, 2005). It is also po ssible to experience situations of vicious flash flooding. The four significant elements most expected to cause severe environmental effects from a chief hurricane are entrenched tornadoes, dominant winds, hefty rains and a storm increase (Heming & McCallum, 2006). The length of the storm bearing is dependent on how enormous the hurricane is. For example in the case of hurricane Katrina, it is assessed that it was ten meters long (Heitmuller & Perez, 2005). The floods and storm leads to widespread destruction to the property and trees, more especially those which are near the coastal region of the place that the hurricane has taken place. The storm surge is instigated by the onshore blast of the water that comes with the hurricane and is largely due

Ethnic group (Chinese) in the uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnic group (Chinese) in the uk - Essay Example In fact the King of England was so amazed by this man that he commissioned a portrait of him and hung it in his own bed.1 Later, because of British colonial possession in east Asia, the British had more contact with China. Because of these contacts trade increased and with it an exchange of populations. There were only a few Chinese living in Britain up until the Second World War; following that there was a large influx of people from around Hong Kong, many of whom were agricultural workers looking to make a better life for themselves and their families. They earnestly believed that a better life lay in Britain. Nowadays, as China becomes richer and more powerful, Chinese parents want to send their children to schools in Britain. Britain is very famous around the world for the quality of its education, both high schools and some of its world-class universities. Consequently, there has been an increase in enrolment among Chinese students. Whether these individuals remain in Britain fo llowing their graduation and become a part of British society remains to be seen, but there is a good chance that if they get married in Britain they may well stay there and be part of a new wave of emigration from China to Britain. The Chinese in Britain have usually been there for a long time. They can be distinguished from the larger population of British Indians who live in particular communities in large families and maintain many of their own traditions. It could be said that the Chinese are better at integrating. They live all over the place and not necessarily in their own special communities. They are also very high achieving in education, especially in the second and third generations who are very ambitious to make a difference. Chinese have the highest rate of intermarriage with other races of any minority population in the United Kingdom. When comparing their cultural output to that of the Indians, it is evidently